明開頭的成語？明開頭的成語有哪些！

編者按

繪風華安徽，潤江淮秀色。安徽省政府新聞辦聯(lián)合安徽畫報社重磅打造“風華正安徽

”欄目，以中英文形式呈現(xiàn)安徽各地市（區(qū)、縣）自然風光、人文歷史、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、生態(tài)旅游等內(nèi)容，更好呈現(xiàn)江淮大地蓬勃發(fā)展的新氣象，講好安徽故事，讓在安徽生活、工作的外籍讀者更加了解安徽，讓安徽走出國門。

本期推出“旌德”篇。

皖南小城旌德，寄意“旌表賢能，彰揚禮德”。

這是一座千年古縣，建縣于唐寶應(yīng)二年（763年），至今已有1250多年歷史。

這里有國際慢城之稱，恬淡、靜謐、安寧是她的氣質(zhì)。

旌德云上梯田 / Terraced fields under white clouds, Jingde

Jingde is a small city in the south of Anhui, with its name suggesting that it is a place to honor able and virtuous personage and carry out traditional rituals and morality.

Jingde is a millennium county with a history of more than 1,250 years. The county status was chartered in the second year of Baoying period in the Tang Dynasty (763).

Jingde is known as an international slow city. As it is sparsely populated, the life there is unsophisticated, peaceful and tranquil.

01 歷史悠久，文風昌盛

文廟、古塔、古橋、古亭、古道、牌坊，見證了旌德歷史的滄桑與厚重。

江村江氏宗祠 / Jiang Clan Ancestral Hall, Jiangcun Village

黃山東麓余脈逶迤盤亙，造化出萬壑競秀、千溪爭流的古邑旌德。這里四季分明，氣候宜人，被譽為長三角地區(qū)的后花園。全縣轄10個鎮(zhèn) , 面積904.8平方公里，人口15萬，面積和人口大約都是中國的萬分之一。

旌德文廟 / Jingde Confucius Temple

“走不完的石板路，看不完的馬頭墻”，這里是徽文化的發(fā)祥地之一，有著深厚的歷史積淀和文化傳承。境內(nèi)歷史遺存眾多，有“旌德江村”和“旌德文廟”兩處全國重點文物保護單位。旌歙古道是“中國十大徒步古道”之一。皖南古村落朱旺是安徽省重點文物保護單位，“井水不犯河水”成語源于此地。擁有宣硯制作技藝、古法油煙墨制作技藝、旌德漆畫、打棍求雨習俗、云樂靈芝炮制技藝、天山真香茶葉手工制作技藝等十多項省市級非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。

旌德歷代名人輩出，元代縣尹王禎編著《農(nóng)書》、發(fā)明木活字，鑄就“兩座世界豐碑”，其發(fā)明木活字并印刷的《旌德縣志》是世界上第一部用木活字印刷的書籍。“人痘接種法”發(fā)明者江希舜、近代詞媛呂碧城、中國第一個紅色縣長譚梓生、革命烈士江上青、經(jīng)濟學家朱劍農(nóng)、數(shù)學泰斗江澤涵、文壇巨匠周而復(fù)等都是旌德的驕傲。

江村世科坊 / Shike Gateway in Jiangcun Village

Long history and profound cultural elements

The Confucian Temple, time-honored pagoda, archaic bridges and pavilions, as well as ancient roads and archways have witnessed the vicissitudes and profound history of Jingde.

The winding extension of the eastward range of Mt. Huangshan has left the ancient city of Jingde a captivating topography featuring numerous gullies and streams. Thanks to the four distinct seasons and pleasant climate, the county is dubbed as the backyard of the Yangtze River Delta. Now, under its jurisdiction are 10 towns covering a total area of 904.8 square kilometers and with a population of 150,000. Both the land area and the population are roughly about one ten- thousandth of those of China.

木活字印刷館/Wood movable type printing houseWood movable type printing house

In Jingde, you can never walk away from the flagstone paved roads and you can never complete the counting of “horse-head” walls (similar to corbie gables for fire protection). As one of the cradles of Hui culture, the county boasts deep sediment of historical elements and rich cultural heritage. There are many historical remains in the county. Jingde Jiangcun Village and Jingde Confucian Temple are the two cultural heritage sites under national protection. The Jinghe Ancient Road is one of the “top ten oldest trekking routes in China”. Zhuwang, an ancient village in southern Anhui, is a key cultural unit under provincial protection.

The saying “the well water should not interfere with the river water” originates here, which means everyone should mind their own business. The intangible cultural heritages listed by the provincial and municipal governments have totaled about a dozen, including the techniques for making oil soot ink sticks in an ancient way, for making Xuanyan ink slabs and Jingde lacquer paintings, and the preparing process for Yunle lucid ganoderma and the manual production skills for Tianshan- brand fragrant tea, as well as the custom of rain praying by beating sticks.

旌德文廟內(nèi)舉行開筆禮/The opening ceremony for the class of writing in Jingde Confucius Temple

Jingde is reputed for many talented people in different dynasties. Wang Zhen, a mayor of the county in the Yuan Dynasty, compiled Nong Shu (a book on agriculture) and invented wood movable types, casting “two world monuments”. The Jingde County Annals printed with the movable types is the first book ever printed in the similar way in the world. Jingde is proud of having many important figures in modern Chinese history, including Jiang Xishun, inventor of human- pox vaccination, Lyu Bicheng, a female modern Ci poet, Tan Zisheng, the first Communist mayor of a county in China, Jiang Shangqing, a revolutionary martyr, Zhu Jiannong, a famed economist, Jiang Zehan, a master mathematician, Zhou Erfu, a literary giant, and Jiang Dongxiu, wife of Hu Shi (Hu Shih).

02 黃山之脈，國際慢城

旌德距離黃山風景區(qū)僅30公里，是黃山天然的東大門。旌德站，也是京福高鐵沿線距離黃山風景區(qū)最近的高鐵站。

旌陽鎮(zhèn)是安徽省首個、全國第六個“國際慢城”。

映山紅迎客來 / Azalea in full bloom welcome visitors

來到旌德，你可以登上梓山，去傾聽大自然的天籟之音；可以走近徽水，去探索小溪流的天道之行。可以在街頭巷尾品嘗地道的徽菜，在徽水兩岸領(lǐng)略經(jīng)典的靈芝文化和宣硯文化。

旌德境內(nèi)重巒疊翠，滿目青山綠水，全縣林地面積97.7萬畝，森林覆蓋率69.2%，是長三角負氧離子含量最高的區(qū)域之一、歷史上從來沒有下過酸雨的地方。由此，被國務(wù)院納入重點生態(tài)功能區(qū)，創(chuàng)成國家級生態(tài)縣、全國綠化模范單位、中國森林氧吧、中國森林康養(yǎng)基地、安徽省森林城市。

旌德高鐵站 / Jingde High-speed Railway Station

旌德積極推進全域旅游示范區(qū)及國家文明旅游示范區(qū)創(chuàng)建，宜居宜游，全縣A級以上景區(qū)達55個，縣城28.46公里慢城綠道環(huán)線貫通，北緯30°界碑成為皖南川藏線南入口新地標。

International slow city by Mt. Huangshan

Jingde is only 30 kilometers away from the Mt. Huangshan Scenic Area. Geographically, it is the east gate to the magnificent mountain. Although located in the hinterland of the Yangtze River Delta, Jingde serves as an important transit venue for a great many tourists heading to southern Anhui. By the way, Jingde Railway Station is the high- speed railway station along the Beijing-Fuzhou high-speed railway nearest to the Mt. Huangshan Scenic Area.Jingyang Town is the first accredited international slow city in Anhui and the sixth in China.

朱旺民俗花轎迎親/Zhuwang Village custom: Carrying the bride in a sedan chair to the home of her bridegroom

In Jingde, you may hike to Mt. Zishan to enjoy the sounds of nature, you may approach the Huishui River to explore the natural courses of its tributaries, you may taste authentic Huizhou cuisine on the streets, and you may enjoy the classic Lingzhi (lucid ganoderma) culture and Xuanyan (ink slab) culture on both sides of the Huishui River.

In Jingde, what we see are ranges upon range of green mountains, as well as limpid waters in flowing. The forest land area of the county is 977,000 mu, and the forest coverage rate is 69.2%. It is one of the areas with the densest negative oxygen ion content in the Yangtze River Delta and has never had acid rain in history. Therefore, the county was included in the list of the key ecological functional areas by the State Council. As of now, the county has made the lists of the national ecological counties, national greening model units, Chinese forest “oxygen bars”, Chinese forest-based health and wellness bases, and Anhui’s forest cities.

旌德開展健康慢城活動 / Jingde’s Healthy ‘Slow City’ activity

Jingde is good for both living and traveling and it is now actively upgrading itself into an all-for-one tourism demo area and a national tourism model demo area. There are 55 scenic spots rated above Grade A in the county. The 28.46 km “slow city” greenway in the county is open now to traffic and the boundary tablet at 30° north latitude is a new landmark at the south entrance to the Sichuan-Tibet Highway in southern Anhui.

03 紅色旌德，五個“第一”

革命戰(zhàn)爭年代，旌德的地方黨組織帶領(lǐng)革命群眾，用鮮血和生命開創(chuàng)了安徽黨史上的五個“第一”：全國唯一一尊馬克思銀像；皖南第一個中國共產(chǎn)黨支部；第一個由共產(chǎn)黨員擔任的縣長；“四一二”反革命政變后，旌德黨組織發(fā)動了第一次革命武裝暴動；皖南事變后，打響反擊國民黨反動派的第一仗。

皖南第一個黨支部紀念館/The memorial museum dedicated to the first Party branch in southern Anhui

1923年11月，旌德三都梅村小學教師梅大棟應(yīng)安源路礦中共黨員李延瑞函約，到江西安源路礦擔任職工子弟學校教師，并于1924年1月加入中國共產(chǎn)黨。當時，曾在江西安源路礦工作的中共黨員肖勁光被派到莫斯科東方勞動者共產(chǎn)主義大學和列寧格勒軍政學院學習。學習結(jié)束后，他將共產(chǎn)國際于1924年10月贈送給中國共產(chǎn)黨的一尊馬克思銀像帶回安源路礦。這尊馬克思銀像（高15.5厘米、重250克）系純銀澆鑄的半身塑像，與像座、底座同為一體，像座正面鑄有俄文“卡爾·馬克思”，底座下方鑄有俄文“第6，莫斯科”。

此時，劉少奇擔任安源路礦工人俱樂部總主任，就將這尊馬克思銀像交給梅大棟保管。1925年9月，安源黨組織遭到反動軍閥的破壞。在梅大棟離開安源之前，劉少奇鄭重地囑咐他，希望他把馬克思銀像保管好，安全地帶回皖南。梅大棟喬裝打扮，10月份終于安全回到家鄉(xiāng)。返回旌德后，梅大棟積極開展革命活動，創(chuàng)辦農(nóng)民夜校，建立黨的支部。

放大后的馬克思銀像塑像 / An enlarged replica of the silver statue of Karl Marx

1927年，蔣介石發(fā)動“四一二”反革命政變后，大肆逮捕和殺害共產(chǎn)黨員，1928年10月，梅大棟和胞弟梅大梁不幸被捕，梅大棟越獄逃離，梅大梁慘遭殺害、壯烈犧牲。反動當局查封了梅大棟家的住房。梅大棟的母親宋坤榮，冒著生命危險將馬克思銀像保存下來。如今，這尊銀像珍藏在旌德縣檔案館，以此為腳本而創(chuàng)作的電影《第六號銀像》將于近期上映。

Five ‘firsts’ in the ‘red’ heritage of Jingde

During the revolutionary war, the people in Jingde under the leadership of local Party organizations had at their cost of blood and life five “firsts” in the history of the Communist Party of China in Anhui, i.e. the one and only silver statue of Karl Marx kept in China, the first branch of the Communist Party of China established in southern Anhui; the first communist county mayor appointed in China; the first revolutionary armed uprising organized by local Party organizations after the April 12 Counter-revolutionary Coup in 1927, and the first battle waged in China against Kuomintang reactionaries after the Southern Anhui Incident in 1941.

In November 1923, at a written invitation by Li Yanrui, a member of the Communist Party of China in Anyuan Railroad and Mines, MeiDadong, a teacher with the primary school of Sandumei Village, Jingde, went to the company in Jiangxi to teach at the school for children of workers. He joined the Party in January 1924. At that time, Xiao Jinguang, also a Party member working in the company, was sent to study at the Moscow-based Communist University for Toilers of the East and Leningrad Military-Political Academy. After the training, he brought back to Anyuan Road and Mines a silver statue of Karl Marx presented in October 1924 by the Communist International to the Communist Party of China. The statue is a bust cast in pure silver, with the pedestal and the base together in a whole piece. On the front of the pedestal is “Karl Marx” in relief, and on the base “the 6th, Moscow”, both in Russian. At that time, Liu Shaoqi, the then general director of the workers’ club of Anyuan Road and Mines, gave the statue to Mei Dadong for safekeeping. In September 1925, the Party organization in the company was destroyed by a reactionary warlord. Before Mei left Anyuan, Liu Shaoqi solemnly asked him to keep well the statue and bring it safely to southern Anhui. In disguise, Mei Dadong finally returned home safely in October the same year. In Jingde, Mei continued revolutionary activities actively. He established a night school for farmers and organized a Party branch.

鄉(xiāng)民籌資興建的大梁廣場 / Daliang Square built with the fund raised by local farmers

In 1927, after Chiang Kai Shek launched the April 12 Counter- revolutionary Coup, many communists were arrested and massacred. In October 1928, Mei Dadong and his brother Mei Daliang were unfortunately arrested. Mei Dadong escaped from prison, but Mei Daliang was killed. The reactionary authorities sealed up Mei Dadong’s house. Mei Dadong’s mother Song Kunrong managed to save the statue at the risk of her life. Now, the silver statue is stored in Jingde County Archives Center. A film “Silver Statue No. 6” adapted from the story will be released before the end of this year.

04 靈芝吐秀，宣硯凝香

旌德是中國靈芝之鄉(xiāng)、中國宣硯之鄉(xiāng)和全國第一批“綠水青山就是金山銀山”實踐創(chuàng)新基地。

旌德靈芝 / Jingde lucid ganoderma

旌德素有“徽州糧倉”之美譽，物產(chǎn)富饒。靈芝、茶葉、甘蔗、花生、黃精、菊花、香榧、黃牛肉等特產(chǎn)久負盛名。擁有梅花鹿、云豹、銀杏、紅豆杉等國家級重點保護動植物?！办旱蚂`芝”等獲評國家地理標志農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，“旌德大米”“旌德皇菊”列入第一批全國名特優(yōu)新農(nóng)產(chǎn)品名錄。

路西空中茶園 / Mountain top tea plantation, Luxi

宣硯聞名遐邇，而它被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)則經(jīng)歷了一番波折。古代宣硯的生產(chǎn)地點在旌德縣白地鎮(zhèn)洪川村，如今仍可看到古老的采石坑遺址。2010年7月，白地鎮(zhèn)突降暴雨，洪川村龍?zhí)渡胶樗蔀?zāi)，罕見的泥石流將山溪里埋藏的硯石沖出了地表，失傳已久的千古名硯才重見天日。宣硯石被發(fā)現(xiàn)以后，相關(guān)部門完成了宣硯硯石88項理化指標的地質(zhì)檢測分析，成功申請保護開發(fā)旌德縣白地鎮(zhèn)龍?zhí)渡匠幍V，經(jīng)安徽省地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)勘查局332地質(zhì)隊的地質(zhì)普查，初步查明了礦石資源量110.33萬立方米，可供開采制硯數(shù)百年。

宣硯溫潤如玉、澀不留筆、發(fā)墨光潤。李白曾七到宣城，對宣硯情有獨鐘，曾寫下“箋麻素絹排數(shù)廂，宣州石硯墨色光”。

Lucid ganoderma, inkstone and other local specialties

Jingde is a nationally recognized producer of lucid ganoderma and the birthplace of Xuanyan ink slabs in China. It is also one of the first designated innovation bases in China to put into practice the conviction that “lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”.

宣城工匠張明在雕刻宣硯/Zhang Ming, a craftsman in Xuancheng, is engraving a Xuanyan ink slab

Jingde has long been acknowledged as the “granary of Huizhou”. Additionally, it has a wide range of local specialties known far and near, including but not limited to lucid ganoderma, tea, sugar cane, peanut, sealwort, chrysanthemum, Chinese torreya, and yellow cattle beef. The fauna and flora species under national protection it boasts include sika deer, clouded leopard, ginkgo, and Chinese yew. Jingde Ganoderma is a national geographical indication agricultural product. Jingde Rice and Jingde Chrysanthemum have been listed in the first catalogue of the national famous, special, excellent and new agricultural products.

Xuanyan Ink Slab is famous far and wide, but the rediscovery and verification of the source area of the raw material is not so easy and time-consuming. In ancient times, Xuanyan ink slabs were produced in Hongchuan Village, Baidi Town, Jingde. Now, we can still see the ancient quarry site. In July 2010, a sudden rainstorm poured on Baidi Town, bringing torrential flood from Mt. Longtan to Hongchuan Village. Incredibly, the debris flow flushed the earth away from the deep-buried quarry and the site came to our view after over 1,000 years in oblivion. After the discovery of the quarry, relevant departments carried out a series of geological determinations and analyses of the slab samples on 88 physical and chemical indicators. In following, the application for protecting and developing the quarry was approved. According to a geological survey completed by Team 332 under Anhui Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration, the preliminarily found mineral reserve is 1,103,300 cubic meters, which can be used for the production of ink slabs for hundreds of years.

旌德縣城全貌 / A bird’s-eye view of Jingde urban area

The finished ink slab resembles jade in texture, the grinding surface of the slab is properly coarse and does not affect a writing brush absorbing the ink in it smoothly, and the ink produced in the slab has a tint of luster. Li Bai visited Xuancheng seven times. As he was so fond of the ink slab produced there, he even put it into his poems, praising the Xuanyan ink slab for the gloss of the ink produced in it.

05 “筑巢留才”，幸福家園

旌德縣注重產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展和人才建設(shè)，近年來大力實施“筑巢”“外引”“歸巢”“雙創(chuàng)”“內(nèi)培”“留才”六大工程，逐步形成“高精尖缺人才引進、農(nóng)村能人回歸、走出去引才”的局面，以“四劑良方”疏通人才回歸“梗阻”。

安徽黃山膠囊股份有限公司 / Anhui Huangshan Capsule Co., Ltd.

人才回歸助力企業(yè)騰飛，安徽黃山膠囊股份有限公司成為全縣首家在A股上市企業(yè)；旌德特色小鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)成果顯著，白地宣硯小鎮(zhèn)入選首批中國特色小鎮(zhèn)，獲批省級電商示范鎮(zhèn)；云樂靈芝小鎮(zhèn)入選宣城市第一批特色小鎮(zhèn)。

膠囊生產(chǎn)車間 / A workshop producing capsules

健康產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚發(fā)展新基地、長三角休閑旅游目的地、“小而美、小而精、小而優(yōu)”養(yǎng)生慢城……這些，將是旌德的新名片，“旌德之治”，幸福家園，正在此處。

Improving living conditions for talents and make Jingde a happy county

The government of Jingde County attaches great importance to industrial development and talent team building. In recent years, it has vigorously implemented six major programs to attract talent, namely, “improving living conditions”, “recruiting talent from other places”, “encouraging returning of local talent working outside of the county”, “mass entrepreneurship and innovation”, “local training”, and “keeping local talent at home”. As a result, high-quality and top-notch professionals in great demand have been introduced, able farmers have returned, and recruitment is carried out beyond the boundary of the county. “Four good prescriptions”, i.e. talent database, soft introduction, hardware improvement, and emotional sincerity have been applied to ease the “obstruction” of the returning of local talent.

安徽飛翔電器機器人生產(chǎn)車間/A workshop producing robots, Anhui Feixiang Electric Co., Ltd.

The returned talented people have helped the upgrading and developmnet of local enterprises. For instance, Anhui Huangshan Capsule Co Ltd became the county’s first A-share listed company. The signature town construction in Jingde has achieved remarkable results: Baidi Xuanyan (ink slab) Town, an approved provincial e-commerce demonstration town, has been included into the first batch of Chinese signature towns, and Yunle Lingzhi (lucid ganoderma) Town has been selected as a signature town in Xuancheng Municipality.

徽水河河心洲 / The islet in the Huishui River

Now the new business images of Jingde include a new clustering and development base for healthcare industry, a leisure tourism destination in the Yangtze River Delta, and a “small, beautiful, refined and excellent” slow city good for health preservation… In the prosperity of the county is the happy homestead!

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文字：孫婷

圖片：江建興 高斌 朱學文

翻譯： 王冀皖

譯審：Ma Cheng ( 英國）

編輯：吳承江

校對：劉 軍

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